![]() PTMs are also important for allowing the recycling of proteins if they are no longer needed - a critical example of this is in the cell cycle where regulators for some the stages must be broken down to allow the next stage to proceed normally. This relationship can be exploited to provide a. This has multiple advantages - for example, this saves cells energy and time (synthesizing new mRNAs and then proteins is energy intensive and slow compared with making PTMs). Because transcription and translation occur simultaneously in bacteria, changes affecting one process automatically affect the other. Attenuation can add another 10 fold decrease in expression.īoth mechanisms thus work together to give a better level of control.Ģ) Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have the additional advantage of often being reversible - you don't need to make new proteins a cell can just fine tune their activity as needed. We thus analyzed the expression of putative regulators in developing ovules and seeds by digital gene expression analysis and clustering according to their relative. coli trp operon the repressor is reported to decrease expression by about 70 fold. Changes in transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) can alter the spatiotemporal expression pattern and transcript abundance of genes. ![]() The second level of control is through post-transcriptional events that regulate the. ![]() Good question, but too complex to answer completely here - I'll give you a few advantages, but I encourage you to read more about this subject on your own.ġ) Biological systems are quite error prone, so overlapping mechanisms often are used to achieve tighter control.įor example, in the E. First, transcription is controlled by limiting the amount of mRNA that is produced from a particular gene. ![]()
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